Wonderful Portrait

Sale: Triton XI, Lot: 275. Estimate $5000.  Closing Date: Monday, 7 January 2008.  Sold For $7250. This amount does not include the buyer’s fee.

DYNASTS of LYCIA. Perikles. Circa 380-360 BC. AR Stater (9.52 g, 7h). Antipellos (Kas) mint. Struck circa 380-375 BC. Laureate head of Perikles facing slightly left, drapery around neck; on right, dolphin downward / [‘Perikle’ in Lycian to left], ‘Antiphellos’ in Lycian to right, warrior, nude but for crested Corinthian helmet, in fighting attitude right, holding sword aloft in right hand, shield on left arm; triskeles to left; all within shallow incuse square. Mildenberg, Mithrapata 20 (A14/R15); Podalia 390-6 (A1/P2); Falghera -; SNG Copenhagen -; SNG von Aulock 4251 (same dies); Boston MFA Supp. 234 (same dies). Near EF, lightly toned, struck from worn dies. Exceptional portrait with minimal die wear.

The portraits on coins in the later Lycian series are among the finest of the Classical period. Among the earliest to attempt depictions of their rulers on coinage, the Lycians' first portraits in the late 5th century BC were innovative, but static, idealized forms lacking individual characterization. Over the next half-century, however, the style progressed significantly toward realism, culminating in the issues of the dynasts Mithrapata and Perikles in the early-mid 4th century BC. The coins of Mithrapata came first, depicting on their reverse the profile portrait of a man with distinctive elderly features. Through the relative chronology established in L. Mildenberg's die study, one can even see the portrait become more aged as time progressed, reflecting the remarkable realism that had been captured in these issues. The coins of Perikles, Mithrapata's successor, continue this trend, but also display two innovations that set them at the pinnacle of Classical art. First, the portrait is moved to the obverse of the coin, emphasizing the importance of the individual. Second, and most prominently, the portrait is not in the traditional profile, but in a dramatic facing state. Obviously influenced by Kimon's facing Arethusa-head coinage at Syracuse, these depict Perikles looking out from the surface of the coin with a serene countenance and his hair flowing around him as if blown by the wind. This depiction captures the essence of the earlier idealized portraits, conveying to the viewer a sense that Perikles was more than a mere man, but retaining realism in its individualized features. Interestingly, both Mithrapata and Perikles are depicted without any sort of satrapal headgear, which was always included in earlier Lycian portraits, perhaps indicating that they had declared their independence from the Persians. Unfortunately, these astonishing developments in portraiture came to an abrupt end in Lycia when Maussollos of Caria invaded the region circa 360 BC.