210, Lot: 361. Estimate $150. Sold for $309. This amount does not include the buyer’s fee.

ITALY, Papal Medals. Leo X (Giovanni de’Medici). 1513-1521. Æ Medal (40mm, 18.45 g, 12h). · LEO · X · PONTIFEX · MAX ·, bust right, wearing zucchetto and mantum / GLORIAM HONORE CORONASTI EVM, familial arms of de’Medici superimposed over papal arms. Mazio 38; Lincoln 440-1. Superb EF.

From the Luparello Collection.

Leo X was the son of Lorenzo de Medici, “il Magnifico,” who succeeded the warrior-pope Julius II. A serious patron of the arts, like his father, and intimate friends with many of the titans of the Italian High Renaissance, he oversaw the completion of many of the artistic projects begun by his predecessor. Among these was the new St. Peter’s Basilica. Designed by the great architect Donato Bramante and begun in 1506 to replace the earlier dilapidated Constantinian version, its construction encompassed the better part of the sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries to complete. To provide much-needed funds for the basilica’s construction, Leo in 1517 offered indulgences, papal rescripts which, when purchased, allowed partial absolution for the recipient. It was the aggressive marketing and perceived “selling” of these indulgences by the Dominican friar Johann Tzetzel in his native Germany, which in part, precipitated the actions of Martin Luther and sparked the Protestant Reformation.