CNG 93, Lot: 1130. Estimate $1000. Sold for $1700. This amount does not include the buyer’s fee.

The Triumvirs. Octavian. Autumn 31-summer 30 BC. AR Denarius (20mm, 3.51 g, 4h). Italian (Rome?) mint. Bare head left / Victory standing left on globe, holding wreath and palm frond. CRI 407; RIC I 254b; RSC 64. Near EF, toned, slightly granular surfaces, a few marks under tone.

Following his victory at Actium, Octavian ordered a golden statue of Victory, standing on a globe and holding a wreath and palm, to be set up on an altar in the Curia in Rome. This statue had been captured by the Romans from Pyrrhus in 272 BC, and it assumed a somewhat tutelary mystique, protecting the Roman state from dissolution. In AD 382, the emperor Gratian ordered its removal. Two years later, the senator and orator Symmachus urged Valentinian II to replace it, a request that was met with stiff opposition from the bishop of Milan, Ambrose. Though it was briefly returned to its place by the usurper Eugenius, it was again removed following his defeat. Petitions to Theodosius I for its subsequent replacement were refused, on grounds that the once-important symbol of the gods’ blessing on the Roman Empire was now nothing more than a piece of paganism.