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Research Coins: Electronic Auction

 
347, Lot: 782. Estimate $100.
Sold for $90. This amount does not include the buyer’s fee.

TOKENS, St. Nicholas (‘Boy Bishop’) seres. temp. Henry VII–Henry VIII. Circa 1485-1530. PB Token (25mm, 5.15 g, 3h). Cast at Bury St. Edmund’s. SΛNCTЄ : NIChOLΛЄ : ORΛ : PRO : NO, boy’s head facing slightly right, wearing bishop’s mitre; croziers with letters S and И flanking / ЄCCЄ NOVΛ FACIO OmNIΛ/ ΛVЄ RЄX GЄnTIS, long cross pattée, with three pellets in quarters. Mitchiner & Skinner II, group Pi, 1. VF.


From the collection of a Southern Pathologist.

Britain in the late middle ages played host to a popular regional variant of the ‘Feast of Fools’ festival. Every year on the feast of St. Nicholas, a boy was elected from among the local choristers to serve as ‘bishop.’ Dressed in mitre and bearing the croizer of his office, the young boy paraded through the city accompanied by his equally youthful ‘priest’ attendants. The ‘bishop’ performed all the ceremonies and offices of the real bishop, save for the actual conducting of mass. Though this practice was extinguished with the Dissolution of the Monasteries in 1539, it was briefly revived under Queen Mary, who took particular interest in the festival, when the lucky boy was referred to as ‘Queen Mary’s Child.’ The celebration of the boy bishop died out completely early in the reign of Elizabeth.

Evidence of this custom is particularly prevalent in East Anglia, specifically at Bury St. Edmunds. Beginning in the late 15th century, the region produced numerous lead tokens bearing the likeness of a bishop, often bearing legends relating to the festival of St. Nicholas. Issued in sizes roughly corresponding to groats, half groats, and pennies, these pieces were undoubtedly distributed by the boy bishop himself, and were likely redeemable at the local abbey or guild for treats and sweetmeats. Considering the endemic paucity of small change in Britain at the time, it is likely that, at least in parts of East Anglia, these tokens entered circulation along with the other private lead issues that were becoming common.