CNG 102, Lot: 1314. Estimate $1500. Sold for $1200. This amount does not include the buyer’s fee.

INDIA, Colonial. British India. Bombay Presidency (?). 1612/3-1835. AR Rupee (22mm, 11.43 g, 3h). Charles II type. Bombay (?) mint. Struck late 17th century. Pridmore –, but cf. 27 (William and Mary); cf. P.P. Kulkarni, A Journey from Bombaim to Mumbai (Bombay, 2004), pp. 9-29; cf. New York Sale XXV, lot 484 (for type; tentatively attributed to the EIC); cf. New York Sale XIV, lot 640 (same, but attributed to Charles II). VF, toned, edge flaw, shroff mark on reverse. Very rare and interesting.

This example is a variety of the one sold in The New York Sale XIV (lot 640). Appended to the description, the cataloger there noted:

This coin is widely believed to have been struck during Charles II’s reign at Mumbai. The Persian legends on both sides have not been read successfully though it has great resemblance with that of the Rupees of James II and William and Queen Mary. The earliest East India Company coinage bearing Persian inscriptions began to circulate during the time of Charles II. In 1763, Martin Folkes reported that “the English Merchants trading in the East Indies struck silver money in India for the use of their factory at Bombaim. Of these he had seen the Anglina, Pax Deo and a third sort of rupee which had again only the Company’s arms on the one side and Arabic or Indian characters on the other.” Pridmore says that the Surat Council’s comment upon the inscription ‘Charles the second, King of England’ perhaps indicates that while the obverse was the normal Anglina type, the reverse was inscribed in Persian with that above inscription. The above coin has Persian inscriptions on both sides. In 1681, a pirate named Henry Bridgeman (also known as Every) attacked and captured a ship called the Ganj-e-Sawai carrying a cargo of 6 Lakhs of Rupees and many people returning from the Haj. His capture of the ship and abuse of the people aboard outraged the Indian Princes on the Western Coast. Mughal chronicler Khafi Khan recorded: “This loss was reported to Aurangzeb, and the newswriters of the port of Surat sent some rupees which the English had coined at Bombay, with a Superscription containing the name of their impure King. Aurangzeb then ordered that the English factors who were residing at Surat for commerce should be seized. Orders were also given to Itimad Khan, superintendent of the Port of Surat, and Sisi Yakut Khan, to make preparations for besieging the fort of Bombay.