Electrum of Kyzikos

CNG 112, Lot: 239. Estimate $2000. Sold for $1400. This amount does not include the buyer’s fee.

MYSIA, Kyzikos. Circa 550-450 BC. EL Stater (19mm, 16.08 g). Hound at bay, on tunny, left / Quadripartite incuse square. FSD SHM 1200 = Hermitage (Exhibition) 112 = Hermitage Sale II 1157 corr. (not Von Fritze 93); CNG 102, lot 362; CNG E-444, lot 129. VF. Very rare variety with the hound’s foreleg lowered, rather than raised, as is usually seen. Only six other examples listed on Coin Archives.

From the Siren Collection.

This type is very similar to Von Fritze I 93, but on that issue, the hound/wolf is clearly raising a forepaw (cf. SNG France 230). The appearance of this stater now makes it clear that some of the fractions attributed to Von Fritze 93 are actually of the same variety as the present piece, and have been known for some time. For instance, the hekte CNG 99, lot 182 is clearly Von Fritze 93, with a forepaw raised, while SNG France 232 (like the following lot), with forepaw lowered, is not. Unfortunately, on some dies the foreleg is engraved straight out, such that it is not possible to discern to which variety a coin can be attributed (cf. SNG France 231 [hekte] and Roma 10, lot 484 [stater]), unless the straight leg constitutes even another variety.

The celebrated electrum coinage of Kyzikos began in the first half of the sixth century, and from the beginning the coinage was notable for the variety and inventiveness of its designs. These staters and fractions were regarded as gold coins and circulated throughout a large area along with the gold darics of the Persian Empire. On all of the coins of Kyzikos, large or small, was engraved the tunny-fish (θυννος), which constituted an important product in the Kyzikene economy. The long awaited corpus initiated by the late Friedrich Bodenstedt is now being continued by Maria Kaiser-Raiss. In the meantime, we must rely on the synthesis of material put together by Hans von Fritze in 1914, augmented (and corrected) by the articles by Sylvia Hurter and Hans-Joachim Liewald. Hurter studied the electrum coinage of Kyzikos for some time before her untimely death in 2008. It was her conviction that the arrangement of the coins by Agnes Baldwin Brett in the catalog of the Boston Museum of Fine Arts was the most accurate to date (reflected in the “Editor’s note” at the beginning of the article on the Kyzikene coins in Moscow and St. Petersburg in SNR 2007). Thus, the coinage of Kyzikos below is arranged accordingly.

More controversially, Yuri Pokras ("A New Iconography for the Electrum Coins of Kyzikos," The Celator November 2000, pp.18-26) has tried to argue that Athens invested Kyzikos with the status of subsidiary mint, and that the presence of specific types parallels each city-state’s inclusion into an alliance with Athens.

The orator Aristotelis, in the second century BC, stated the following in his speech regarding the people of Kyzikos: “It is enough for one just to glance at the location and the nature of this city to immediately understand that the name ‘blissful’ given to it by God was factual, so convenient is its land and its sea. As it is built in front of Asia Minor and since its dominion extends from the Black Sea to the Hellespont, Kyzikos joins the two seas together or rather all the seas that man navigates. Thus, ships continuously pass by or arrive at the harbor or depart from the harbor. Justly it should be called ‘blissful’ just as is Corinth because, as it is built in the mid part of the seas, it joins, as if it was the center of the world, all men who sail the Mediterranean from Gibraltar to Kolchis at the far side of the Black Sea.”